Maps of South Cushitic
Directions of Southern Nilotic Expansion ca. 400-1000 AD (Ehret)
Directions of Southern Nilotic Expansion ca. 400-1000 AD
Map Creator: Christopher Ehret
Source: Southern Nilotic History. 1971. Northwestern University Press. p. 49.
Date Created: 1971
Map Description:
During the first half of the first millenium A.D., the Southern Nilotes gradually replaced the Southern Cushites as the dominant group in the outlined area of Africa. Over the centuries, one tribe of Nilotes became those now known as the Kalenjin. Christopher Ehret states that their presence is evident in the Southern Nilotic loanwords which remain in Bantu and Eastern Nilotic languages, as well as Tepeth and Yaaku. These Kalenjin ancestors came to control much of what is now Kenya and the plains of central Uganda, and their contact with Cushites and other groups has resulted in their language being rich with loanwords, especially in areas such as agriculture.
Other resources related to this project:
The Countries of Dadog History (Ehret)
The Proto-Kalenjin and their Neighbors (Ehret)
The Kalenjin ca. 1000-1500 AD (Ehret)
Source: Southern Nilotic History. 1971. Northwestern University Press. p. 49.
Date Created: 1971
Map Description:
During the first half of the first millenium A.D., the Southern Nilotes gradually replaced the Southern Cushites as the dominant group in the outlined area of Africa. Over the centuries, one tribe of Nilotes became those now known as the Kalenjin. Christopher Ehret states that their presence is evident in the Southern Nilotic loanwords which remain in Bantu and Eastern Nilotic languages, as well as Tepeth and Yaaku. These Kalenjin ancestors came to control much of what is now Kenya and the plains of central Uganda, and their contact with Cushites and other groups has resulted in their language being rich with loanwords, especially in areas such as agriculture.
Other resources related to this project:
The Countries of Dadog History (Ehret)
The Proto-Kalenjin and their Neighbors (Ehret)
The Kalenjin ca. 1000-1500 AD (Ehret)
Note: Scanned or downloaded images have been geo-registered for compatibility with our project interface. Slight imperfections are an inevitable result of the registration process. View original image(s) to see the unaltered map(s).
Early Dispersal of Afroasiatic (Blench)
The Early Dispersal of Afroasiatic
Map Creator: Roger Blench
Source: Archaeology, Language, and the African Past. 2006. Lanham: AltaMira Press. p. 159.
Date Created: 2006
Map Description:
This map illustrates the early homelands (> 10000 B.C.E and > 7500 B.C.E. respectively) of Afroasiatic as well as the homelands of the Omotic and Cushitic speakers. Surrounding the speaker locations are the migration paths the Cushitic groups took as they moved, as discussed by Roger Blench. Combined with his map entitled "The Later Dispersal of Afroasiatic", it presents a model which explains the distribution of Afroasiatic languages prior to the Arabic expansion beginning in the seventh century.
Other resources related to this project:
Later Dispersal of Afroasiatic (Blench)
The Inter-Saharan Hypothesis (Blench)
Source: Archaeology, Language, and the African Past. 2006. Lanham: AltaMira Press. p. 159.
Date Created: 2006
Map Description:
This map illustrates the early homelands (> 10000 B.C.E and > 7500 B.C.E. respectively) of Afroasiatic as well as the homelands of the Omotic and Cushitic speakers. Surrounding the speaker locations are the migration paths the Cushitic groups took as they moved, as discussed by Roger Blench. Combined with his map entitled "The Later Dispersal of Afroasiatic", it presents a model which explains the distribution of Afroasiatic languages prior to the Arabic expansion beginning in the seventh century.
Other resources related to this project:
Later Dispersal of Afroasiatic (Blench)
The Inter-Saharan Hypothesis (Blench)
Note: Scanned or downloaded images have been geo-registered for compatibility with our project interface. Slight imperfections are an inevitable result of the registration process. View original image(s) to see the unaltered map(s).
Eastern and Southern Cushites Introduce Food-Producing Economies to the Interior Mosaic (Newman)
Eastern and Southern Cushites Introduce Food-Producing Economies to the Interior Mosaic
Map Creator:
James L. Newman
Source: 1995. The Peopling of Africa. New Haven: Yale University Press. 167.
Date Created: 1995
Map Description:
According to James L. Newman, the interior of East Africa is one of the most complex ethnolinguistic regions on the continent, due to the continuous movement of groups, including Khoisan, Cushitic, Nilotic and Bantu peoples. This map shows the earliest migrations through the area. They began with the Southern Cushites approximately 5,000 years ago; around 1000 BC, the Eastern Cushites made their way south. One of the Eastern Cushite groups, the Baz, gave the Southern Nilotes livestock-raising techniques adapted to semi-arid conditions along with several cultural practices, such as a prohibition against eating fish (Newman).
Other resources related to this project:
Southern Nilotic Speakers Seeking the Kenyan Highlands(Newman)
Bantu Colonization of the Interior Mosiac of Africa (Newman)
Influential Eastern Nilotic Migrations (Newman)
Ngoni, Kamba, Arab-Swahili, and Yao Movements, Migrations, and Trade Routes Within the Interior Mosiac (Newman)
Source: 1995. The Peopling of Africa. New Haven: Yale University Press. 167.
Date Created: 1995
Map Description:
According to James L. Newman, the interior of East Africa is one of the most complex ethnolinguistic regions on the continent, due to the continuous movement of groups, including Khoisan, Cushitic, Nilotic and Bantu peoples. This map shows the earliest migrations through the area. They began with the Southern Cushites approximately 5,000 years ago; around 1000 BC, the Eastern Cushites made their way south. One of the Eastern Cushite groups, the Baz, gave the Southern Nilotes livestock-raising techniques adapted to semi-arid conditions along with several cultural practices, such as a prohibition against eating fish (Newman).
Other resources related to this project:
Southern Nilotic Speakers Seeking the Kenyan Highlands(Newman)
Bantu Colonization of the Interior Mosiac of Africa (Newman)
Influential Eastern Nilotic Migrations (Newman)
Ngoni, Kamba, Arab-Swahili, and Yao Movements, Migrations, and Trade Routes Within the Interior Mosiac (Newman)
Note: Scanned or downloaded images have been geo-registered for compatibility with our project interface. Slight imperfections are an inevitable result of the registration process. View original image(s) to see the unaltered map(s).
Peoples, States and Cities in Africa ca. 100 CE
Peoples, states and cities in Africa, ca. 100 CE
Map Creator:
Christopher Ehret
Source: The Civilizations of Africa: A History to 1800. 2002. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.
Date Created: 2002.
Map Description:
This map displays important groups, empires and cities in Africa circa 100 CE according to Christopher Ehret. As shown, the Roman Empire controlled a vast territory along the northern coast and the Nile river. Roman expansion and trade facilitated the transmission of new technologies throughout the continent, especially ironworking. Other major cultural changes were occurring as well; Christianity began spreading throughout Northern Africa and Aksum was one of the first major kingdoms to convert around 200 years later.
Source: The Civilizations of Africa: A History to 1800. 2002. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.
Date Created: 2002.
Map Description:
This map displays important groups, empires and cities in Africa circa 100 CE according to Christopher Ehret. As shown, the Roman Empire controlled a vast territory along the northern coast and the Nile river. Roman expansion and trade facilitated the transmission of new technologies throughout the continent, especially ironworking. Other major cultural changes were occurring as well; Christianity began spreading throughout Northern Africa and Aksum was one of the first major kingdoms to convert around 200 years later.
Note: Scanned or downloaded images have been geo-registered for compatibility with our project interface. Slight imperfections are an inevitable result of the registration process. View original image(s) to see the unaltered map(s).
Peoples, States and Cities in southern Africa ca. 1400 (Ehret)
Peoples, Cities and States in the Southern Half of Africa ca. 1400
Map Creator:
Christopher Ehret
Source: Ehret, Christopher. 2002. The Civilizations of Africa: A History to 1800. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.
Date Created: 2002.
Map Description:
This map displays cities, kingdoms and peoples in southern Africa circa 1400. The territories of many of the smaller groups are uncertain, and hence have not been outlined. These, along with several of the kingdoms pictured, continued expanding their borders and developing the southern half of Africa as Europeans began their explorations of the continent (Ehret). Peoples are indicated by white lettering on the map, states by polygons.
Source: Ehret, Christopher. 2002. The Civilizations of Africa: A History to 1800. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.
Date Created: 2002.
Map Description:
This map displays cities, kingdoms and peoples in southern Africa circa 1400. The territories of many of the smaller groups are uncertain, and hence have not been outlined. These, along with several of the kingdoms pictured, continued expanding their borders and developing the southern half of Africa as Europeans began their explorations of the continent (Ehret). Peoples are indicated by white lettering on the map, states by polygons.
Note: Scanned or downloaded images have been geo-registered for compatibility with our project interface. Slight imperfections are an inevitable result of the registration process. View original image(s) to see the unaltered map(s).
Peoples, States and Cities in southern Africa ca. 1550 (Ehret)
Peoples, Cities and States in the Southern Half of Africa ca. 1550
Map Creator:
Christopher Ehret
Source: Ehret, Christopher. 2002. The Civilizations of Africa: A History to 1800. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.
Date Created: 2002.
Map Description:
This map displays cities, kingdoms and peoples in southern Africa circa 1550 as shown by Christopher Ehret. During this period, the Portuguese slave trade had begun rapid expansion, and rival European powers had begun colonization in an attempt to begin their own competing stations. Trade routes shifted due to the new influence, and many of the great savannah states began to decline in importance while those on the coasts flourished.
Source: Ehret, Christopher. 2002. The Civilizations of Africa: A History to 1800. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.
Date Created: 2002.
Map Description:
This map displays cities, kingdoms and peoples in southern Africa circa 1550 as shown by Christopher Ehret. During this period, the Portuguese slave trade had begun rapid expansion, and rival European powers had begun colonization in an attempt to begin their own competing stations. Trade routes shifted due to the new influence, and many of the great savannah states began to decline in importance while those on the coasts flourished.
Note: Scanned or downloaded images have been geo-registered for compatibility with our project interface. Slight imperfections are an inevitable result of the registration process. View original image(s) to see the unaltered map(s).
Southern Nilotic Speakers Seeking the Kenyan Highlands (Newman)
Southern Nilotic Speakers Seeking the Kenyan Highlands
Map Creator:
James L. Newman
Source: 1995. The Peopling of Africa. New Haven: Yale University Press. 168.
Date Created: 1995
Map Description:
According to James L. Newman, the interior of East Africa is one of the most complex ethnolinguistic regions on the continent, due to the continuous movement of groups, including Khoisan, Cushitic, Nilotic and Bantu peoples. This map shows the movement of the Southern Nilotes that occurred around 500 BC. They shared space with the Southern Cushites for quite some time, before the arrival of the Bantu, which drastically altered the interior of Africa (Newman).
Other resources related to this project:
Eastern and Southern Cushites Introduce Food-Producing Economies to the Interior Mosaic (Newman)
Bantu Colonization of the Interior Mosiac of Africa (Newman)
Influential Eastern Nilotic Migrations (Newman)
Ngoni, Kamba, Arab-Swahili, and Yao Movements, Migrations, and Trade Routes Within the Interior Mosiac (Newman)
Source: 1995. The Peopling of Africa. New Haven: Yale University Press. 168.
Date Created: 1995
Map Description:
According to James L. Newman, the interior of East Africa is one of the most complex ethnolinguistic regions on the continent, due to the continuous movement of groups, including Khoisan, Cushitic, Nilotic and Bantu peoples. This map shows the movement of the Southern Nilotes that occurred around 500 BC. They shared space with the Southern Cushites for quite some time, before the arrival of the Bantu, which drastically altered the interior of Africa (Newman).
Other resources related to this project:
Eastern and Southern Cushites Introduce Food-Producing Economies to the Interior Mosaic (Newman)
Bantu Colonization of the Interior Mosiac of Africa (Newman)
Influential Eastern Nilotic Migrations (Newman)
Ngoni, Kamba, Arab-Swahili, and Yao Movements, Migrations, and Trade Routes Within the Interior Mosiac (Newman)
Note: Scanned or downloaded images have been geo-registered for compatibility with our project interface. Slight imperfections are an inevitable result of the registration process. View original image(s) to see the unaltered map(s).
The Proto-Kalenjin and Their Neighbors ca. 1000 AD (Ehret)
The Proto-Kalenjin and their Neighbors
Map Creator:
Christopher Ehret
Source: Southern Nilotic History. 1971. Northwestern University Press. p. 65.
Date Created: 1971
Map Description:
This map illustrates the approximate locations of the proto-Kalenjin people and their neighbors. These descendants of the Southern Nilotes were closely related to the Kitoki (known also as Bukusu or Yumbu), and shared many cultural as well as linguistic aspects. The proto-Kalenjin (and now, modern Kalenjin) economy was centered around grain cultivation and the raising of livestock, and their societal structure has remained relatively unchanged over the centuries (Ehret).
Other resources related to this project:
Directions of Southern Nilotic Expansion ca. 400-1000 AD (Ehret)
The Countries of Dadog History (Ehret)
The Kalenjin ca. 1000-1500 AD (Ehret)
Source: Southern Nilotic History. 1971. Northwestern University Press. p. 65.
Date Created: 1971
Map Description:
This map illustrates the approximate locations of the proto-Kalenjin people and their neighbors. These descendants of the Southern Nilotes were closely related to the Kitoki (known also as Bukusu or Yumbu), and shared many cultural as well as linguistic aspects. The proto-Kalenjin (and now, modern Kalenjin) economy was centered around grain cultivation and the raising of livestock, and their societal structure has remained relatively unchanged over the centuries (Ehret).
Other resources related to this project:
Directions of Southern Nilotic Expansion ca. 400-1000 AD (Ehret)
The Countries of Dadog History (Ehret)
The Kalenjin ca. 1000-1500 AD (Ehret)
Note: Scanned or downloaded images have been geo-registered for compatibility with our project interface. Slight imperfections are an inevitable result of the registration process. View original image(s) to see the unaltered map(s).
The Spread of Cushitic and Omotic (Newman)
The Spread of Cushitic and Omotic
Map Creator: James L. Newman
Source: 1995. The Peopling of Africa. New Haven: Yale University Press: p. 53.
Date Created: 1995
Map Description:
This map outlines the early years of Cushitic spreading and some of the resulting diversity. In his book, Newman discusses how changes in agriculture lead to the diversification of Cushitic. Central Cushitic developed among grain cultivators and herders, and when groups migrated south into Tanzania and Kenya, their language became what is now known as southern Cushitic. Northern Cushitic was located predominantly in the arid lowlands, while the eastern branch was located in the southern rift valleys. He argues that ensete cultivators, which had once been thought to speak "western Cushitic", were most likely Omotic speakers.
Source: 1995. The Peopling of Africa. New Haven: Yale University Press: p. 53.
Date Created: 1995
Map Description:
This map outlines the early years of Cushitic spreading and some of the resulting diversity. In his book, Newman discusses how changes in agriculture lead to the diversification of Cushitic. Central Cushitic developed among grain cultivators and herders, and when groups migrated south into Tanzania and Kenya, their language became what is now known as southern Cushitic. Northern Cushitic was located predominantly in the arid lowlands, while the eastern branch was located in the southern rift valleys. He argues that ensete cultivators, which had once been thought to speak "western Cushitic", were most likely Omotic speakers.
Note: Scanned or downloaded images have been geo-registered for compatibility with our project interface. Slight imperfections are an inevitable result of the registration process. View original image(s) to see the unaltered map(s).